The phrases ‘permaculture’ and ‘regenerative’ agriculture are in vogue, aligning with corporate green washing in the face of looming climate crises. This knowledge has been known to Indigenous communities for over 10,000 years, and it is important to understand, pay respect, and foster inclusion in the belief that its roots are in Indigenous science.

Although this work has been deemed ‘casual’ and ‘temporary’, the lack of nationals willing to work in the fields and the lack of farmers willing to hire nationals who do not have the requisite skills or knowledge of horticulture, speaks to the very nature of what it means to be ‘skilled’.

The tea supply chain of Kenya is difficult to follow, has many moving parts, and numerous actors, each of which has their own standards and methods, when coupled with a transnational multibillion-dollar corporation the net becomes a chain.

Neonicotinoids (neonics) have been the number one insecticide group since the mid 1990s. There has been a concurrent phenomenon between neonicotinoid use and pollinator decline.